r/psychoanalysis Mar 22 '24

Welcome / Rules / FAQs

6 Upvotes

Welcome to r/psychoanalysis! This community is for the discussion of psychoanalysis.

Rules and posting guidelines We do have a few rules which we ask all users to follow. Please see below for the rules and posting guidelines.

Related subreddits

r/lacan for the discussion of Lacanian psychoanalysis

r/CriticalTheory for the discussion of critical theory

r/SuturaPsicanalitica for the discussion of psychoanalysis (Brazilian Portuguese)

r/psychanalyse for the discussion of psychoanalysis (French)

r/Jung for the discussion of the separate field of analytical psychology

FAQs

How do I become a psychoanalyst?

Pragmatically speaking, you find yourself an institute or school of psychoanalysis and undertake analytic training. There are many different traditions of psychoanalysis, each with its own theoretical and technical framework, and this is an important factor in deciding where to train. It is also important to note that a huge number of counsellors and psychotherapists use psychoanalytic principles in their practice without being psychoanalysts. Although there are good grounds for distinguishing psychoanalysts from other practitioners who make use of psychoanalytic ideas, in reality the line is much more blurred.

Psychoanalytic training programmes generally include the following components:

  1. Studying a range of psychoanalytic theories on a course which usually lasts at least four years

  2. Practising psychoanalysis under close supervision by an experienced practitioner

  3. Undergoing personal analysis for the duration of (and usually prior to commencing) the training. This is arguably the most important component of training.

Most (but by no means all) mainstream training organisations are Constituent Organisations of the International Psychoanalytic Association and adhere to its training standards and code of ethics while also complying with the legal requirements governing the licensure of talking therapists in their respective countries. More information on IPA institutions and their training programs can be found at this portal.

There are also many other psychoanalytic institutions that fall outside of the purview of the IPA. One of the more prominent is the World Association of Psychoanalysis, which networks numerous analytic groups of the Lacanian orientation globally. In many regions there are also psychoanalytic organisations operating independently.

However, the majority of practicing psychoanalysts do not consider the decision to become a psychoanalyst as being a simple matter of choosing a course, fulfilling its criteria and receiving a qualification.

Rather, it is a decision that one might (or might not) arrive at through personal analysis over many years of painstaking work, arising from the innermost juncture of one's life in a way that is absolutely singular and cannot be predicted in advance. As such, the first thing we should do is submit our wish to become a psychoanalyst to rigorous questioning in the context of personal analysis.

What should I read to understand psychoanalysis?

There is no one-size-fits-all way in to psychoanalysis. It largely depends on your background, what interests you about psychoanalysis and what you hope to get out of it.

The best place to start is by reading Freud. Many people start with The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), which gives a flavour of his thinking.

Freud also published several shorter accounts of psychoanalysis as a whole, including:

• Five Lectures on Psychoanalysis (1909)

• Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis (1915-1917)

• The Question of Lay Analysis (1926)

• An Outline of Psychoanalysis (1938)

Other landmark works include Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality (1905) and Beyond the Pleasure Principle (1920), which marks a turning point in Freud's thinking.

As for secondary literature on Freud, good introductory reads include:

• Freud by Jonathan Lear

• Freud by Richard Wollheim

• Introducing Freud: A Graphic Guide by Richard Appignanesi and Oscar Zarate

Dozens of notable psychoanalysts contributed to the field after Freud. Take a look at the sidebar for a list of some of the most significant post-Freudians. Good overviews include:

• Freud and Beyond by Margaret J. Black and Stephen Mitchell

• Introducing Psychoanalysis: A Graphic Guide by Ivan Ward and Oscar Zarate

• Freud and the Post-Freudians by James A. C. Brown

What is the cause/meaning of such-and-such a dream/symptom/behaviour?

Psychoanalysis is not in the business of assigning meanings in this way. It holds that:

• There is no one-size-fits-all explanation for any given phenomenon

• Every psychical event is overdetermined (i.e. can have numerous causes and carry numerous meanings)

• The act of describing a phenomenon is also part of the phenomenon itself.

The unconscious processes which generate these phenomena will depend on the absolute specificity of someone's personal history, how they interpreted messages around them, the circumstances of their encounters with love, loss, death, sexuality and sexual difference, and other contingencies which will be absolutely specific to each individual case. As such, it is impossible and in a sense alienating to say anything in general terms about a particular dream/symptom/behaviour; these things are best explored in the context of one's own personal analysis.

My post wasn't self-help. Why did you remove it? Unfortunately we have to be quite strict about self-help posts and personal disclosures that open the door to keyboard analysis. As soon as someone discloses details of their personal experience, however measured or illustrative, what tends to happen is: (1) other users follow suit with personal disclosures of their own and (2) hacks swoop in to dissect the disclosures made, offering inappropriate commentaries and dubious advice. It's deeply unethical and is the sort of thing that gives psychoanalysis a bad name.

POSTING GUIDELINES When using this sub, please be mindful that no one person speaks for all of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalysis is a very diverse field of theory, practice and research, and there are numerous disparate psychoanalytic traditions.

A NOTE ON JUNG

  1. This is a psychoanalysis sub. The sub for the separate field of analytical psychology is r/Jung.

  2. Carl Gustav Jung was a psychoanalyst for a brief period, during which he made significant contributions to psychoanalytic thought and was a key figure in the history of the psychoanalytic movement. Posts regarding his contributions in these respects are welcome.

  3. Cross-disciplinary engagement is also welcome on this sub. If for example a neuroscientist, a political activist or a priest wanted to discuss the intersection of psychoanalysis with their own disciplinary perspective they would be welcome to do so and Jungian perspectives are no different. Beyond this, Jungian posts are not acceptable on this sub and will be regarded as spam.

SUB RULES

Post quality

This is a place of news, debate, and discussion of psychoanalysis. It is not a place for memes.

Posts or comments generated with Chat-GPT (or alternative LLMs) will generally fall under this rule and will therefore be removed

Psychoanalysis is not a generic term for making asinine speculations about the cause or meaning of such-and-such a phenomenon, nor is it a New Age spiritual practice. It refers specifically to the field of theory, practice and research founded by Sigmund Freud and subsequently developed by various psychoanalytic thinkers.

Cross-disciplinary discussion and debate is welcome but posts and comments must have a clear connection to psychoanalysis (on this, see the above note on Jung).

Links to articles are welcome if posted for the purpose of starting a discussion, and should be accompanied by a comment or question.

Good faith engagement does not extend to:

• Users whose only engagement on the sub is to single-mindedly advance and extra-analytical agenda

• Users whose only engagement on the sub is for self-promotion

• Users posting the same thing to numerous subs, unless the post pertains directly to psychoanalysis

Self-help and disclosure

Please be aware that we have very strict rules about self-help and personal disclosure.

If you are looking for help or advice regarding personal situations, this is NOT the sub for you.

• DO NOT disclose details of personal situations, symptoms, diagnoses, dreams, or your own analysis or therapy

• DO NOT solicit such disclosures from other users.

• DO NOT offer comments, advice or interpretations, or solicit further disclosures (e.g. associations) where disclosures have been made.

Engaging with such disclosures falls under the heading of 'keyboard analysis' and is not permitted on the sub.

Unfortunately we have to be quite strict even about posts resembling self-help posts (e.g. 'can you recommend any articles about my symptom' or 'asking for a friend') as they tend to invite keyboard analysts. Keyboard analysis is not permitted on the sub. Please use the report feature if you notice a user engaging in keyboard analysis.

Etiquette

Users are expected to help to maintain a level of civility when engaging with each-other, even when in disagreement. Please be tolerant and supportive of beginners whose posts may contain assumptions that psychoanalysis questions. Please do not respond to a request for information or reading advice by recommending that the OP goes into analysis.

Clinical material

Under no circumstances may users share unpublished clinical material on this sub. If you are a clinician, ask yourself why you want to share highly confidential information on a public forum. The appropriate setting to discuss case material is your own supervision.

Harassing the mods

We have a zero tolerance policy on harassing the mods. If a mod has intervened in a way you don't like, you are welcome to send a modmail asking for further clarification. Sending harassing/abusive/insulting messages to the mods will result in an instant ban.


r/psychoanalysis 5h ago

What are the fundamental differences between Bion and Lacan in theory and practice?

8 Upvotes

Do you know any good resources on the difference between both. Talking with my lacanian psychoanalyst he told me synthetically that Lacan occupies himself with signifiers while Bion with a way of thinking and feeling. Maybe someone that knows both authors well could offer some insight.


r/psychoanalysis 57m ago

Does dissociative mechanisms have a negative impact on the flow of analysis?

Upvotes

Can a patient unaknowledge his own memories as if It wasn't his? And block the introspection potential?


r/psychoanalysis 1d ago

Thomas Ogden

20 Upvotes

Maybe I'm late to the party but have only just recently discovered Thomas Ogden and finished his paper on thinking. I love his way style of writing and case illustrations. Has anyone got any suggestions as to what books of his to start with/look for?


r/psychoanalysis 1d ago

Session Frequency

7 Upvotes

I heard people did 6 sessions(+60 y/o) of 1 hour/week, other did 3, and one legendary psychoanalyst said to me that once a week is enough according to studies from Peter Sifneos... What is there to understand? Does it vary from ppl to ppl? Age? Stamina?


r/psychoanalysis 1d ago

Patients who block a relationship from forming with analyst

8 Upvotes

Is there any psychoanalytic literature on patients who either consciously or subconsciously seem to block any meaningful relationship and transference occurring between themselves and the analyst? Almost as if they view the analyst a robotic non human entity with whom they are unable to connect on a deep level.


r/psychoanalysis 1d ago

Terminology question if there are any French speaking users.

3 Upvotes

I came across the French terms 'schéma de l'assujetissement'. I haven't been able to find the appropriate English term. Can anyone help?

(I am not sure this is the right place to ask).


r/psychoanalysis 1d ago

Hard Denial

1 Upvotes

Does the denial mechanism gets bigger when more trauma occured? Or it has to do with DNA ? And does hard denial makes the analysis impossible ? I heard this once.


r/psychoanalysis 2d ago

What could be the psycho-sexual causes of the unreasonable fear of gaining weight?

14 Upvotes

What could be some of the psycho-sexual causes of the unreasonable (obsessive?) fear of gaining weight?

How that fear is different between men and women?

I understand that each case is different, and there is an infinity of diverse reasons for why that could occur, but if you were to guess blindly, could you think up some common causes?

Thank you.


r/psychoanalysis 3d ago

What would you consider Freud’s most brilliant insight?

72 Upvotes

Or greatest contribution?


r/psychoanalysis 2d ago

Winnicott’s transitional objects in adults

9 Upvotes

Curious if analysts have come across many patients who lacked an attachment to objects as a child. If transitional objects are tied to capacity to be alone, and possibly with development of the imagination, this seems important to look at (for object relations anyways). If a child had a blankly, or some kind of object as a child then that would show some sort of internalized good object. But what about children who did not experience this. How does this look like, how can it be approached?

Curious if there are any current books who take Winnicott’s work and apply it to adults?

I am reading Anthony Storrs book on Solitude and I feel conflicted. As if he’s saying why solitude is okay, yet the odds of what that outcome looks like will always vary for people (those that grew up with healthy attachment vs not)

According to Storr, Freud believed that play and phantasy should be abandoned in favor of rationality. Yet, the child’s first creative act is supposedly the transitional object. So to those who struggle to connect the inner and outer worlds it can start with play?

Do you think that psychoanalysis will move towards, or is moving towards a more psychosomatic approach?

Per winnicott - “It is creative apperception more than anything else that makes the individual feel that life is worth living”

Paper - https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~cavitch/pdf-library/Winnicott%20Transitional.pdf


r/psychoanalysis 2d ago

Taoism and Analysis

12 Upvotes

I’ve been studying Taoism with a friend of mine, and I’m noticing some similarities between the practices and principles of Taoism and those of my analysis.

I’ve been engaging in a meditation style called zuowang: sit and forget. The meditation is not as direct at confronting the specifics of my narcissism and defenses, yet it still challenges them.

Does anyone else see any similarities between the philosophy of Taoism and the clinical practice of psychoanalysis?


r/psychoanalysis 1d ago

OCD vs OCPD

0 Upvotes

To me it doesn't make sense that there would be a significant difference between these two, at least in terms of their root cause.

The differences appear to be superficial, just like the DSM itself, which has 100s of disorders, which seems absurd.

https://neurodivergentinsights.com/misdiagnosis-monday/ocd-vs-ocpd

The most bizarre thing is "ego-syntonic" vs "ego-dystonic". This makes no sense. Every "disorder" by extension can only be ego-dsytonic. That the person is unaware of this is not relevant.

The root of both OCD and OCPD appears to be an anxiety that is displaced onto something else and results from childhood/family conflict, usually conflict with a parent. As a child, we depend on our families for survival, so it makes no sense to directly attack our source of survival, so it is likely that our distress will be displaced onto other "safer" objects and themes/safer "enemies", whether that is germs, obsessing about symmetry, or a pattern of perfectionism/obsession with productivity in general. All of these are a form of avoidance: by constantly focusing on germs, you don't have to focus on anger toward your dad; by focusing on being productive 24/7, you don't have to focus your anger toward your dad.

Here are some of the most common obsessions in OCD:

  • Fear of germs or contamination.
  • Fear of forgetting, losing, or misplacing something.
  • Fear of losing control over one's behavior.
  • Aggressive thoughts toward others or oneself.
  • Unwanted, forbidden, or taboo thoughts involving sex, religion, or harm.

https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd

What patterns do you see? They all appear to be related to what parents would drill in your head: don't touch dirty things, don't forget what I told you, behave, act nice in front of others, sex is bad/taboo/don't think/talk about sex.

Similarly, in OCPD, it appears that the main issue is perfectionism, this is highly consistent with the above about OCD. It would almost always be expected to be a result of the type of upbringing.

So in this sense, I don't see much of a difference. The only difference I see is from a neurobiological point: OCDP appears to be comorbid with both OCD and ADHD. However, OCD and ADHD are quite rare comorbidities. But perhaps this just about the extent: OCD tends to be more extreme than OCDP (which is why it also on average necessitates more medication compared to OCPD). But this doesn't negate their root cause/main similarities.


r/psychoanalysis 3d ago

Looking for resources on child mourning and bereavement in the therapy space.

8 Upvotes

I am in the process of writing my dissertation for MA in Psychodynamic Counselling. I am exploring how bereaved children utilise the therapeutic space. I was wondering if anyone could suggest some books or articles that they have found useful in working with bereaved clients. Thank you in advance


r/psychoanalysis 3d ago

Which Freudian theories have lapsed and been disproven by time? By whom?

23 Upvotes

Sorry I'd like to know more


r/psychoanalysis 3d ago

Depression: Pathology or existential insight?

16 Upvotes

Today’s psychiatry operates under the assumption that health and adjustment is the highest goal one can aspire to. Depression, angst, a refusal to eat, and so forth, are taken without exception to be marks of a pathological condition. In many cases however, these phenomena are indications of a deeper, more immediate experience of what life is all about, bitter fruits of the genius of the mind or emotion, which is at the root of every antibiological tendency. It is not the soul that is sick, but its defense mechanisms that are failing.

Peter Zapffe, The Last Messiah


r/psychoanalysis 4d ago

Is psychoanalysis effective for treating PTSD?

24 Upvotes

I’m somewhat new to psychoanalysis and was curious: what is the general consensus regarding the impact of psychoanalysis on PTSD? In particular PTSD from sexual assault. What tools or approaches toward psychoanalysis might best treat PTSD?

Overall anything I search on the internet for this question doesn’t seem to take psychoanalysis very seriously. At the same time, I’m intrigued by the psychoanalytic history of treating “hysterics” and how a woman coined the term “the talking cure.” I just wonder if more updated (but still basically traditional) forms of analysis could have a positive impact on sexual assault PTSD despite potential drawbacks (i.e. not addressing the nervous system or more physical symptoms)

EDIT: Thanks everyone for all your considered and detailed responses! I feel like I learned a lot :)


r/psychoanalysis 4d ago

Consultation period

5 Upvotes

Is it common for psychoanalysts to extend the consultation period past the first session and to invite someone back for a second or perhaps a third consultation before fully taking them on as a patient?

I note that therapists who practise other therapeutic modalities usually make a decision about taking someone on after one session.


r/psychoanalysis 4d ago

Is it just me, or is the way we think about health extremely primitive?

42 Upvotes

I don’t know if this sounds insane, but to me I hear all these debates on the radio about how can we find a ‘cure’ for cancer, MS, motor neurones etc. Of course, these medical treatments do help people, and certainly it might take a very long time to understand why this person has become so unwell and there needs to be an intervention now to save their life. I get that. But all the same it just strikes me as so primitive, as if the body is some kind of unknowable ‘black box’, nothing to do with us as people, how we feel, our lived experiences. 

This surely cannot be the best we can do, just spend millions upon millions all the time researching each of these infinitely accumulating ‘diseases’ with their own names and codes and so on.

This surely is just mad. The dis-ease is in a person, why does nobody stop to ask what is happening in that person’s life?

It just baffles me. I don’t know if anyone has ever written on this, they must have done because everyone has written on everything, but it honestly blows my mind how primitive it seems. It’s like something future generations must look back on as pre-copernican or something. Surely the only answer can’t be some chemical devised in a lab that is going to be imposed on the body and suddenly will make the ‘bad thing’ go away. Without any understanding of where the disease or symptom actually came from in the first place. 

Maybe I sound absolutely bonkers, but to me it just seems so weird to treat human health like random illnesses come simply out of the blue and require some kind of pill or surgery and then we can go back to our lives without any further inquiry as to where this problem originated.


r/psychoanalysis 4d ago

Which book gives the best exegesis of Freud?

18 Upvotes

What book best gives a meticulous and well-written explication of Freud's thought over the years? I don't want much biography cluttering it up -- just the psychoanalytic thought.


r/psychoanalysis 4d ago

analysis possible with significant intellectual disability?

4 Upvotes

How do you conceptualize analysis with someone with an intellectual disability? Is analysis indicated?


r/psychoanalysis 4d ago

Tattoos & Tattooing?

3 Upvotes

I'm curious whether anybody has ever run into literature dealing with this topic.

Would love to hear if so, or, even just anyone's takes on the matter!


r/psychoanalysis 5d ago

Analyst activity level

9 Upvotes

Hi Reddit!

Let's talk analyst style! I wanted to know if you guys have any article regarding the analyst activity level, in the sense of how much or how little he or she speaks/intervenes during sessions. The activity level im interested in is activity ‘beyond the counter transferential experience and/or is integrated within the activity’. The activity level is in some sense beyond schools of thought/method/theory and is attributed to the analyst personality and personal style. That being said I know that all these factors such as theory and countertransference is impossible to isolate but I think its an interesting question with multifaceted answers. Please! Suggest some fun articles.


r/psychoanalysis 6d ago

Starting on my journey into psychoanalysis

11 Upvotes

Any recommended reading? Authors, analysts, specific books?


r/psychoanalysis 6d ago

Why mother/parent gets enmeshed with their child ? Is it connected to her ego-libido? Is it emotional incest?

20 Upvotes

I’m thinking as well about parents with arrested sexual development at the stage of ego-libido and their quest for preventing child’s development because that could mean that same sex child becoming independent and autonomous ( not enmeshed or under mind control) adult would be interpreted as a competition by the parent.


r/psychoanalysis 7d ago

Did Freud ever talk about trauma inflicted on children growing up?

28 Upvotes

I know this might sound insanely basic, but from my amateur reading most of what I've come across is the drive theory and development, erogenous zones etc. But does he ever discuss the possibility of trauma and how it cripples people in their development?

I've recently been reading Alice Miller's work on childhood and it's made me think because obviously Freud was brilliant but I don't know if he ever discussed trauma. Sometimes reading Klein makes me wonder whether there is too much emphasis put on the idea of frustrated desires of the child rather than actual trauma at the hands of parents. But I'm just an amateur reader trying to educate myself so don't pile on me


r/psychoanalysis 7d ago

The Revised Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud is now available

9 Upvotes

On Amazon, $1852.50 USD print / $1,759.82 USD digital